International Economics Directorate Product Guide

The International Economics Directorate of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) collects and analyzes data on U.S. direct investment abroad (USDIA), foreign direct investment in the United States (FDIUS), and U.S. international services transactions. As outlined below, the data are published in the Survey of Current Business (SCB), other publications, or available electronically as free downloadable compressed files. Just click on the title of a file, or its product ID number, in this Guide.

HOW TO ORDER

Publications and data files

Most data on direct investment published by BEA are available in the form of free downloads. It is also possible to order paper copies of publications.

The SCB is the monthly journal of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and is available online and in published form from the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO).
BEA publications listed in this guide that have a with a GPO stock number may be ordered on the GPO Web site.
BEA publications with a National Technical Information Service (NTIS) stock number may be ordered on the NTIS Web site.

Press Releases

The full text of BEA's news releases are available at <www.bea.gov> within minutes of their release. For information about how to obtain U.S. Department of Commerce's other press releases, please contact the Economics and Statistics Administration at (202) 482-1986.

I. U.S. DIRECT INVESTMENT ABROAD (USDIA)

A. Direct Investment Position and Related Balance of Payments Flows

Preliminary annual estimates are published in the summer of the year following the year covered; revised estimates are published a year later. Written analyses of data for the most recent year are based on preliminary estimates. Prior to 1996, quarterly estimates of the flows (but not the position) were published, in limited detail, in the U.S. international transactions articles in the March, June, September, and December Survey of Current Business (SCB) issues. Beginning in 1996, these articles appeared in the April, July, October, and January SCB.

From 1985 to 1993, summary estimates of the position and a brief analysis of current developments appeared in the June SCB as part of the article on the U.S. international investment position (see section IV.A). In 1994 and 1995, these estimates and analyses appeared in a separate article in the June SCB. Detailed tables on the position and related capital and income flows appeared in the August SCB (July in 1993). In earlier years, both detailed tables and an analysis usually had appeared in the August SCB. Beginning in 1996, summary estimates of the position and analyses appeared in an article in the July SCB, and detailed tables on the position and related capital and income flows appeared in the September SCB.

Balance of payments and position data for outward direct investment
Contains quarterly estimates for financial flows and income by country and by industry and annual country by industry estimates for positions, financial flows, and income.

Visit our interactive system to display and download customizable time series tables and charts using annual U.S. direct investment abroad balance of payments and direct investment position data back to 1982.

Past estimates for one or more years are revised each year, sometimes because the series have been "rebenchmarked" to a more recent benchmark, or census, of direct investment.

Survey of Current Business Articles

SCB issue, years covered, author, and comments

8/24, 2023
8/23, 2022
8/22, 2021
8/21, 2020
8/20, 2019
8/19, 2018, Atkinson & McCloskey
8/18, 2017, Stutzman & Munasib
7/17 & 9/17, 2016, Jenniges & Stutzman
Raymond Mataloni prepared the 9/17 report
7/16 & 9/16, 2015, Jenniges & Fetzer
Sarah Stutzman prepared the 9/16 report
7/15 & 9/15, 2014, Jenniges & Fetzer
Nathan Hansen and Ricardo Limes prepared the 9/15 report
7/14 & 9/14, 2013, Ibarra-Caton & Mataloni
Ibarra-Caton prepared details of 9/14.
7/13 & 9/13, 2012, Barefoot & Ibarra-Caton.
Ibarra-Caton prepared details of 9/13.
7/12 & 9/12, 2011, Barefoot & Ibarra-Caton.
Lowe prepared details of 9/12.
7/11 & 9/11, 2010, Barefoot & Ibarra-Caton
Lowe prepared details of 9/11.
7/10 & 9/10, 2009, Ibarra-Caton
Lowe prepared details of 9/10.
7/09 & 9/09, 2008, Ibarra & Koncz
Lowe prepared details of 9/09.
7/08 & 9/08, 2007, Ibarra & Koncz
Lowe prepared details of 9/08.
7/07 & 9/07, 2006, Ibarra & Koncz
Lowe prepared details of 9/07.
7/06 & 9/06, 2005, Koncz & Yorgason
Lowe prepared details of 9/06.
7/05 & 9/05, 2004, Koncz & Yorgason
Lowe prepared details of 9/05.
7/04 & 9/04, 2003, Borga & Yorgason
Lowe prepared details of 9/04.
7/03 & 9/03, 2002, Borga
Estimates for 1999-2001 re-benchmarked to 1999 benchmark survey. Lowe prepared details of 9/03.
7/02 & 9/02, 2001, Borga & Yorgason
Lowe prepared details of 9/02.
7/01 & 9/01, 2000, Borga & Mataloni
Lowe prepared details of 9/01.
7/00 & 9/00, 1999, Bargas
Lowe prepared details of 9/00.
7/99 & 9/99, 1998, Bargas & Troia
Lowe prepared details of 9/99.
7/98 & 10/98, 1997, Bargas
Estimates for 1994-96 re-benchmarked to 1994 benchmark survey.
7/97 & 9/97, 1996, Bargas
Lowe prepared details of 9/97.
7/96 & 9/96, 1995, Lowe
6/95 & 8/95, 1994, Lowe
6/94 & 8/94, 1993, Lowe
6/93 & 7/93, 1992, Lowe
Estimates for 1989-92 re-benchmarked to 1989 benchmark survey.
6/92 & 8/92, 1991, Mataloni
Estimates incorporate various methodological changes.
6/91 & 8/91, 1990, Lowe
6/90 & 8/90, 1989, Lowe
6/89 & 8/89, 1988, Lowe
6/88 & 8/88, 1987, Lowe
6/87 & 8/87, 1986, Lowe
6/86 & 8/86, 1985, Brereton
Estimates for 1982-84 re-benchmarked to 1982 benchmark survey.
6/85 & 8/85, 1984, Belli
8/84, 1983, Howenstine
8/83, 1982, Whichard
8/82, 1981, Whichard
8/81, 1980, Whichard
Estimates for 1977-79 re-benchmarked to 1977 benchmark survey.
8/80, 1979, Whichard
8/79, 1978, Whichard
8/78, 1977, Kozlow, Rutter & Walker
8/77, 1976, Whichard
Estimates for 1966-75 revised.
8/76, 1975, Whichard & Freidlin
10/75, 1974, Freidlin & Lupo
Estimates for 1966-73 re-benchmarked to 1966 benchmark survey.

Data Presentation Available On the Internet Only

Tables for U.S. direct investment abroad (USDIA) for position, financial flows, and income for 1966-81, for all countries in which there is U.S. direct investment (with no industry detail).

Position 1966-76 and 1977-81
Financial flows 1966-76 and 1977-81
Income 1966-76 and 1977-81

Also available, description of changes in methodology and presentation for USDIA balance of payments and position data: 1977, 1982, and 1994.

B. Operations of U.S. Parent Companies and Their Foreign Affiliates

Data are from benchmark and annual sample surveys of U.S. direct investment abroad. The surveys collect operating and financial data of U.S. companies and their foreign affiliates, such as balance sheets, income statements, employment and compensation of employees, trade in goods, and sales of goods and services. Published estimates are derived from the reported sample data. Benchmark surveys covered 1982, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, and 2009. Prior to 2009, non-benchmark surveys covered nonbank affiliates of nonbank parents. Data are preliminary when first published; revised data are published a year later.

Survey of Current Business Articles

SCB issue, year covered, and author

09/24, 2022
12/23, 2021
12/22, 2020
12/21, 2019
09/20, 2018
09/19, 2017, Hossiso
09/18, 2016, Hossiso
12/17, 2015
12/16, 2014
08/15, 2013, Scott
08/14, 2012
11/13, 2011, Barefoot
11/12, 2010, Barefoot
11/11, 2009, Barefoot and Mataloni
8/10, 2008, Barefoot and Mataloni
8/09, 2007, Barefoot and Mataloni
11/08, 2006, Mataloni
11/07, 2005, Mataloni
11/06, 2004, Mataloni and Yorgason
7/05, 2003, Mataloni
7/04, 2002, Mataloni
11/03, 2001, Mataloni
12/02, 2000, Mataloni
3/02, 1999, Mataloni and Yorgason
7/00, 1998, Mataloni
7/99, 1997, Mataloni
9/98, 1996, Mataloni
10/97, 1995, Mataloni
12/96, 1994, Mataloni and Fahim-Nader
6/95, 1993, Mataloni
6/94, 1992, Mataloni
7/93, 1991, Mataloni
8/92, 1990, Mataloni
10/91, 1989, Lowe and Mataloni
6/90, 1988, Mataloni
6/89, 1987, Whichard
6/88, 1986, Whichard
6/87, 1985, Brereton
9/86, 1984, Brereton
1/86, 1983, Belli
12/85, 1982, Whichard and Shea

NOTE: For 1982, 1989, 1994, and 1999 and for certain earlier years, see the information on benchmark surveys in section I.D.

Because of space constraints, full details cannot be published in the SCB articles. Supplementary tables, currently about 70 for each year, are available in separate publications and as electronic files.

Comprehensive financial and operating data

C. Capital Expenditures by Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates of U.S. Companies

Through September 1994, when this series was discontinued, estimates were published twice yearly, usually in the March and September SCB's.

SCB issue, years covered, author, and comments

9/94, 1993-94, Fahim-Nader
The last article presenting the results of the capital expenditures survey, which has been discontinued.
3/94, 1993-94, Fahim-Nader
9/93, 1992-93, Fahim-Nader
3/93, 1992-93, Fahim-Nader
Estimates for 1983-91 also revised to reflect information from the 1989 benchmark survey.
9/92, 1991-92, Fahim-Nader
3/92, 1991-92, Fahim-Nader
9/91, 1989-91, Fahim-Nader
1989 estimates revised in connection with 1989 benchmark survey.
3/91, 1990-91, Mataloni
9/90, 1990-91, Mataloni
3/90, 1989-90, Mataloni
Examines patterns of foreign affiliate capital spending from 1977-89.
9/89, 1989-90, Mataloni
3/89, 1988-89, Quijano
9/88, 1987-89, Quijano
3/88, 1987-88, Herr
9/87, 1986-88, Herr
3/87, 1986-87, Herr
10/86, 1985-87, Herr
Estimates for 1982-84 rebenchmarked to 1982 benchmark survey.
3/86, 1985-86, Lowe,
9/85, 1984-86, Kozlow
3/85, 1984-85, Kozlow
9/84, 1983-85, Kozlow
3/84, 1983-84, Kozlow
9/83, 1982-84, Kozlow
3/83, 1982-83, Kozlow
9/82, 1981-83, Kozlow
3/82, 1981-82, Kozlow
10/81, 1980-82, Lowe
Estimates for 1977-79 re-benchmarked to 1977 benchmark survey.
3/81, 1980-81, Lowe
9/80, 1979-81, Lowe
3/80, 1979-80, Chung
9/79, 1978-80, Chung
3/79, 1978-79, Chung
10/78, 1977-79, Lupo
3/78, 1977-78, Galler
9/77, 1976-78, Lupo
3/77, 1976-77, Belli
9/76, 1975-77, Chung
3/76, 1975-76, Whichard
9/75, 1974-76, Howenstine
Estimates for 1971-73 revised.
3/75, 1974-75, Chung
9/74, 1973-75, Chung
Estimates for 1967-72 revised.

D. Benchmark Surveys and Related Articles

Benchmark surveys are periodic surveys of the universe of U.S. direct investment abroad. In addition to the direct investment position and related flows of capital, income, and royalties and license fees, they cover a wide range of operating and financial data of U.S. parent companies and their foreign affiliates, such as balance sheets, income statements, external financing, employment and compensation of employees, trade in goods, and sales of goods and services.

Analytical SCB articles that draw on universe data from the benchmark surveys, or on matched sample data from the 1966 benchmark survey and the 1970 mini-census, are listed below.

SCB issue, title, author, comments

12/21, Activities of U.S. Multinational Enterprises in 2019
Summary of 2019 Benchmark Survey (preliminary)
12/16, Activities of U.S. Multinational Enterprises in the United States and Abroad: Preliminary Results From the 2014 Benchmark Survey, Scott
Summary of 2014 Benchmark Survey (preliminary)
11/11, Operations of U.S. Multinational Companies in the United States and Abroad: Preliminary Results From the 2009 Benchmark Survey, Barefoot & Mataloni
Summary of 2009 Benchmark data (preliminary).
11/06, Operations of U.S. Multinational Companies: Preliminary Results From the 2004 Benchmark Survey, Mataloni & Yorgason
Summary of 2004 Benchmark data (preliminary).
3/02, Operations of U.S. Multinational Companies: Preliminary Results from the 1999 Benchmark Survey, Mataloni & Yorgason
Summary of 1999 Benchmark data (preliminary).
4/97, Real Gross Product of U.S. Companies' Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates in Manufacturing, Mataloni
SCB article presents estimates of real gross product of majority-owned foreign affiliates in manufacturing for 1982-94 and discusses the methodology used to produce the estimates. The methodology makes use of "purchasing-power-parity" exchange rates.
12/96, Operations of U.S. Multinational Companies: Preliminary Results from the 1994 Benchmark Survey, Mataloni & Fahim-Nader
Based on preliminary 1994 benchmark survey results.
2/94, Gross Product of U.S. Multinational Companies, 1977-91, Mataloni & Goldberg
Presents estimates of gross product of nonbank U.S. multinational companies based on benchmark and annual surveys of U.S. direct investment abroad.
10/91, U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: 1989 Benchmark Survey Results, Lowe & Mataloni
Based on preliminary 1989 benchmark survey results.
5/86, U.S. Merchandise Trade Associated with U.S. Multinational Companies, Barker
Based on 1982 benchmark survey data.
12/85, 1982 Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad, Whichard & Shea
Summary of 1982 benchmark survey data.
2/83, Gross Product of U.S. Multinational Companies, 1977, Howenstine
Based on 1977 data.
4/82, Growth of U.S. Multinational Companies, 1966-77, Howenstine
Based on 1966 and 1977 data.
2/82, Employment and Employee Compensation of U.S. Multinational Companies, Whichard
Based on 1977 data.
10/81, Profile of U.S. Multinational Companies in 1977, Barker
Based on 1977 data.
4/81, 1977 Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad, International Investment Division
Summary of 1977 benchmark survey data.
8/78, Relationship Between Age and Rate of Return of Foreign Manufacturing Affiliates of U.S. Manufacturing Parent Companies, Lupo, Gilbert, & Liliestedt
Based on 1966 data.
2/77, Gross Product of Foreign Affiliates of U.S. Companies, Howenstine
Based on l966-70 sample data; includes 1966 universe estimates for foreign affiliates.
5/74, U.S. Multinational Companies: Profitability, Financial Leverage, and Effective Income Tax Rate, Leftwich
Based on l966-70 sample data.
10/73, Employment and Payroll Costs of U.S. Multinational Companies, Barker & Kraseman
Based on 1966-70 sample data.
1/73, Worldwide Sales by U.S. Multinational Companies, Lupo
Based on 1966-70 sample data.
12/72, U.S. Foreign Trade Associated with U.S. Multinational Companies, Barker
Based on 1966-70 sample data.

Benchmark results and their accompanying methodologies

E. Other Publications and Articles on U.S. Direct Investment Abroad

Publication date, title, comments

3/99, INTERNATIONAL DIRECT INVESTMENT: Studies by the Bureau of Economic Analysis
The publication brings together a number of key studies by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) on U.S. direct investment abroad and foreign direct investment in the United States. The studies cover such topics as the characteristics of multinational companies, including their profitability, productivity, and sourcing patterns; measures of direct investment that are valued in current-period prices; and supplemental balance of payments frameworks that incorporate information on ownership from BEA's direct investment surveys. These studies were originally published in the Survey of Current Business,BEA's monthly journal. This publication also includes users' guides to BEA's statistics on direct investment and detailed methodologies from BEA's benchmark survey publications on foreign direct investment in the United States and U.S. direct investment abroad.
Publication available from GPO, stock number 003-010-00278-6, price $26.00.

Sources and Uses of Funds:

6/79, Sources and Uses of Funds of Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates of U.S. Companies, 1973-76
Staff paper, available from the International Investment Division.

SCB issue date, title, comments

7/75, Sources and Uses of Funds for a Sample of Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates of U.S. Companies, 1966-72
SCB article by Mantel.
11/70, Sources and Uses of Funds of Foreign Affiliates of U.S. Firms, 1967-68
SCB article by Belli.

Sales by Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates of U.S. Companies:

Sales data were collected in an annual sample survey for 1966-76. For 1977 and 1982, they were collected in the 1977 and 1982 benchmark surveys (see section I.D.); they were not collected for 1978-81. Beginning with 1983, sales data have been collected annually as part of the annual survey of the operations of U.S. parent companies and their foreign affiliates (see section I.B.).
SCB issue, year covered, author, comments

3/78, 1976, Chung
2/77, 1975, Chung
5/76, 1974, Chung
8/75, 1973, Chung - Estimates for 1966-72 revised.

Statistics on U.S. Multinational Companies:

SCB issue, title, comments

3/95, A Guide to BEA Statistics on U.S. Multinational Companies
SCB article by Mataloni.

U.S. Intrafirm Trade in Goods:

SCB issue, title, comments

2/97, U.S. Intrafirm Trade in Goods
SCB article by Zeile examines trends and patterns in U.S. intrafirm trade in goods associated with U.S. and foreign multinational companies in 1977-94. Analyzes the relative importance of intrafirm trade in total U.S. trade in goods with major trading-partner countries in 1992.

II. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES (FDIUS)

A. Direct Investment Position and Related Balance of Payments Flows

Visit our interactive system to display and download customizable time series tables and charts using annual foreign direct investment in the U.S. balance of payments and direct investment position data back to 1980.

Balance of payments and position data for inward direct investment
Contains quarterly estimates for financial flows and income by country and by industry and annual country by industry estimates for positions, financial flows, and income.

Survey of Current Business Articles

SCB issue, year covered, author, and comments

8/24, 2023
8/23, 2022
8/22, 2021
8/21, 2020
8/20, 2019
8/19, 2018, Atkinson & McCloskey
8/18, 2017, Stutzman & Munasib
7/17 & 9/17 2016, Jenniges & Stutzman
Raymond Mataloni prepared the 9/17 report
7/16 & 9/16, 2015, Jenniges & Fetzer
Sarah Stutzman prepared details of 9/16
7/15 & 9/15, 2014, Jenniges & Fetzer
Nathan Hansen and Ricardo Limes prepared the 9/15 report
7/14 & 9/14, 2013, Ibarra-Caton & Mataloni
Ibarra-Caton prepared details of 9/14.
7/13 & 9/13, 2012, Barefoot & Ibarra-Caton.
Ibarra-Caton prepared details of 9/13.
7/12 & 9/12, 2011, Barefoot & Ibarra-Caton.
Lowe prepared details of 9/12.
7/11 & 9/11, 2010, Barefoot & Ibarra-Caton
Lowe prepared details of 9/11.
7/10 & 9/10, 2009, Ibarra-Caton
Lowe prepared details of 9/10.
7/09 & 9/09, 2008, Ibarra & Koncz
Lowe prepared details of 9/09.
7/08 & 9/08, 2007, Ibarra & Koncz
Lowe prepared details of 9/08.
7/07 & 9/07, 2006, Ibarra & Koncz
Lowe prepared details of 9/07.
7/06 & 9/06, 2005, Koncz & Yorgason
Estimates for 2002-05 re-benchmarked to 2002 benchmark survey. Lowe prepared details of 9/06.
7/05 & 9/05, 2004, Koncz & Yorgason
Lowe prepared details of 9/05.
7/04 & 9/04, 2003, Borga & Yorgason
Lowe prepared details of 9/04.
7/03 & 9/03, 2002, Borga
Lowe prepared details of 9/03.
7/02 & 9/02, 2001, Borga & Yorgason
Lowe prepared details of 9/02.
7/01 & 9/01, 2000, Borga & Mataloni
Lowe prepared details of 9/01.
7/00 & 9/00, 1999, Bargas
Lowe prepared details of 9/00.
7/99 & 9/99, 1998, Bargas & Troia
Lowe prepared details of 9/99.
7/98 & 9/98, 1997, Bargas
Estimates for 1992-96 re-benchmarked to 1992 benchmark survey.
7/97 & 9/97, 1996, Bargas
7/96 & 9/96, 1995, Bargas
6/95 & 8/95, 1994, Lowe
6/94 & 8/94, 1993, Bargas
6/93 & 7/93, 1992, Bargas
6/92 & 8/92, 1991, Bezirganian
Estimates for 1982 forward incorporate various methodological changes.
6/91 & 8/91, 1990, Bezirganian
Estimates for 1987-90 rebenchmarked to 1987 benchmark survey.
6/90 & 8/90, 1989, Quijano & Bezirganian
6/89 & 8/89, 1988, Quijano
6/88 & 8/88, 1987, Quijano
6/87 & 8/87, 1986, Whichard
6/86 & 8/86, 1985, Howenstine
6/85 & 8/85, 1984, Howenstine
10/84, 1983, Belli
Estimates for 1980-83 rebenchmarked to 1980 benchmark survey.
8/83, 1982, Chung & Fouch
8/82, 1981, Howenstine & Fouch
8/81, 1980, Chung & Fouch
8/80, 1979, Chung & Fouch
8/79, 1978, Fouch & Lupo
8/78, 1977, Chung & Fouch
10/77, 1976, Mantel
Position for 1973, and all estimates for 1974-75, rebenchmarked to 1974 survey.
8/76, 1975, Lupo & Fouch
10/75, 1974, Mantel
Includes 1971-72 final estimates and final 1973 flows.

Other Articles and Publications on Direct Investment Flows, Position, and Income:

Publication date, title, and comments

2/90, A Guide to BEA Statistics on Foreign Direct Investment in the United States
SCB article by Quijano.
12/84, Selected Data on Foreign Direct Investment in the United States, 1950-79
Publication covers the direct investment position and related capital and income flows; available from BEA, BEA product ID number IPN-0064.

B. Operations of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies

Data are from benchmark and sample surveys of foreign direct investment in the United States. The surveys collect financial and operating data of the U.S. affiliates of foreign direct investors, such as balance sheets, income statements, employment and compensation of employees, trade in goods, and selected data by State. The first annual survey covered 1977. Benchmark surveys cover 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007. Prior to 2007, non-benchmark surveys covered nonbank affiliates of nonbank parents. Data are preliminary when first published; revised data are published a year later. Articles published before those listed below presented only reported sample data. Other than for benchmark years, the listed articles present universe estimates derived by linking the sample data reported in the annual survey to the preceding benchmark survey.

Survey of Current Business Articles

SCB issue, year covered, author, and comments

09/23, 2021
09/22, 2020
09/21, 2019
12/20, 2018
12/19, 2017
12/18, 2016, Stutzman
08/17, 2015, Stutzman
08/16, 2014, Stutzman
11/15, 2013, Ismaylov & Limes
11/14, 2012, Anderson
08/13, 2011, Anderson
08/12, 2010, Anderson
08/11, 2009, Anderson
11/10, 2008, Anderson
11/09, 2007, Anderson & Zeile
8/08, 2006, Anderson
8/07, 2005, Anderson
8/06, 2004, Anderson & Zeile
8/05, 2003, Zeile
8/04, 2002, Zeile
8/03, 2001, Zeile
8/02, 2000, Zeile
8/01, 1999, Zeile
8/00, 1998, Zeile
8/99, 1997, Zeile
6/98, 1996, Fahim-Nader & Zeile
The article is combined with the one on the acquisition and establishment of U.S. businesses by foreign direct investors in 1997.
6/97, 1995, Fahim-Nader & Zeile
The article is combined with the one on the acquisition and establishment of U.S. businesses by foreign direct investors in 1996.
7/96, 1994, Fahim-Nader & Zeile
The article is combined with the one on the acquisition and establishment of U.S. businesses by foreign direct investors in 1995.
5/95, 1993, Fahim-Nader & Zeile
The article is combined with the one on the acquisition and establishment of U.S. businesses by foreign direct investors in 1994.
7/94, 1992, Zeile
5/93, 1991, Bezirganian
5/92, 1990, Bezirganian
7/91, 1989, Bezirganian
7/90, 1988, Howenstine
7/89, 1987, Howenstine
5/88, 1986, Howenstine
5/87, 1985, Howenstine
10/86, 1984, Shea
11/85, 1983, Howenstine
12/84, 1982, Howenstine
11/83, 1981, Howenstine

NOTE: For 1977-80 data, see the sub-section below on Other Articles or Publications on the Operations of U.S. Affiliates.

For 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2002, and for certain earlier years, see the information on Benchmark Surveys in section II.E.

Data on the operations of U.S. affiliates of foreign companies

Comprehensive Financial and Operating Data

C. Establishment Data from BEA-Census Link

Detailed establishment data for U.S. affiliates of foreign companies obtained from a project that links Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) enterprise, or company, data on foreign direct investment in the United States with the Census Bureau's establishment data for all U.S. companies. The data are presented by detailed industry, by country of ultimate beneficial owner, and by State.

D. U.S. Business Enterprises Acquired or Established by Foreign Direct Investors

Data are from an annual survey of U.S. businesses newly acquired or established by foreign direct investors during the year. The first survey covered 1979. There was a break in the survey series between 2009 and 2013. Data are preliminary when first published; revised data are published a year later.

Survey of Current Business Articles

SCB issue, year covered, author, comments

8/24, 2023,
This article presents data on new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired, established or expanded by foreign direct investors in 2023.
8/23, 2022,
This article presents data on new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired, established or expanded by foreign direct investors in 2022.
8/22, 2021,
This article presents data on new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired, established or expanded by foreign direct investors in 2021.
8/21, 2020,
This article presents data on new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired, established or expanded by foreign direct investors in 2020.
8/20, 2019,
This article presents data on new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired, established or expanded by foreign direct investors in 2019.
8/19, 2018, Anderson
This article presents data on new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired, established or expanded by foreign direct investors in 2018
8/18, 2017, Anderson
This article presents data on new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired, established or expanded by foreign direct investors in 2017
8/17, 2016, Anderson
This article presents data on new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired, established or expanded by foreign direct investors in 2016
8/16, 2015, Anderson
This article presents data on new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired, established or expanded by foreign direct investors in 2015.
1/16, 2014, Anderson
This article presents data on new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired, established or expanded by foreign direct investors in 2014.
6/09, 2008, Anderson
This article presents new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired or established by foreign direct investors in 2008.
6/08, 2007, Ku-Graf
This article presents new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired or established by foreign direct investors in 2007.
6/07, 2006, McNeil
This article presents new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired or established by foreign direct investors in 2006.
6/06, 2005, McNeil
This article presents new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired or established by foreign direct investors in 2005.
6/05, 2004, Anderson
This article presents new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired or established by foreign direct investors in 2004.
6/04, 2003, Anderson
This article presents new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired or established by foreign direct investors in 2003.
6/03, 2002, Anderson
This article presents new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired or established by foreign direct investors in 2002.
6/02, 2001, Anderson
This article presents new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired or established by foreign direct investors in 2001.
6/01, 2000, Howenstine
This article presents new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired or established by foreign direct investors in 2000.
6/00, 1999, Howenstine & Troia
This article presents new investments of U.S. business enterprises acquired or established by foreign direct investors for 1999 under both the US SIC and NAICS.
6/99, 1998, Fahim-Nader
This article is separate from the overall operations of U.S. affiliates of foreign companies in 1997 and presents data for 1998.
6/98, 1997, Fahim-Nader
The article is combined with the one on the overall operations of U.S. affiliates of foreign companies in 1996.
6/97, 1996, Fahim-Nader
The article is combined with the one on the overall operations of U.S. affiliates of foreign companies in 1995.
7/96, 1995, Fahim-Nader
The article is combined with the one on the overall operations of U.S. affiliates of foreign companies in 1994.
5/95, 1994, Fahim-Nader
The article is combined with the one on the overall operations of U.S. affiliates of foreign companies in 1993.
5/94, 1993, Fahim-Nader
5/93, 1992, Fahim-Nader
5/92, 1991, Fahim-Nader
5/91, 1990, Fahim-Nader
First estimates to incorporate an adjustment for late reports.
5/90, 1989, Bezirganian
5/89, 1988, Herr
5/88, 1987, Herr
5/87, 1986, Herr
5/86, 1985, Shea
5/85, 1984, Shea
5/84, 1983, Belli
6/83, 1982, Belli
6/82, 1981, Belli
8/81, 1980, Belli
1/81, 1979, Belli

U.S. Business Enterprises Acquired or Established by Foreign Direct Investors

Comprehensive Data

E. Benchmark Surveys and Related Articles

Benchmark surveys are periodic surveys of the universe of foreign direct investment in the United States. In addition to the direct investment position and related capital and income flows, they cover a wide range of operating and financial data of U.S. affiliates of foreign direct investors, such as balance sheets, income statements, external financing, employment and compensation of employees, trade in goods, and selected data by State.

Analytical articles that draw on data from the benchmark surveys are:

SCB issue, year covered, author, and comments

12/19, Activities of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Multinational Enterprises in 2017
11/14, Activities of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Multinational Enterprises in 2012
11/09, Operations of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies: Preliminary Results From the 2007 Benchmark Survey, Anderson & Zeile
8/04, Operations of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies: Preliminary Results from the 2002 Benchmark Survey, Zeile
8/99, Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Preliminary Results from the 1997 Benchmark Survey, Zeile
Summary of 1997 benchmark survey data (preliminary).
7/94, Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: 1992 Benchmark Survey Results, Zeile
Summary of 1992 benchmark survey data (preliminary).
7/89, U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies: 1987 Benchmark Survey Results, Howenstine
Summary of 1987 benchmark survey data (preliminary).
10/83, Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Highlights from the 1980 Benchmark Survey, Belli
Summary of 1980 benchmark survey data.
1/79, Gross Product of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies, Howenstine
Based on 1974 data.
12/78, Employment and Employee Compensation of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies, 1974, Whichard
5/76, Benchmark Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States, 1974, International Investment Division
Summary of 1974 benchmark survey data.

Benchmark surveys have been conducted in 1980, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007.

Benchmark results and their accompanying methodologies.

III. International Services

A. Annual International Services Articles

Beginning with 1990, detailed data on trade in services and on services supplied through the channel of direct investment have been presented in an annual article in the SCB.

Publication date or SCB issue, title, author, and comments

10/24, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2023 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2022, Allen, Stein, Johns & Fatima
10/23, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2022 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2021, Allen, Stein, Johns & Fatima
10/22, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2021 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2020, Allen & Fatima
10/21, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2020 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2019, Allen & Fatima
10/20, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2019 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2018, Allen, Grimm, Steiner, & Telles
10/19, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2018 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2017 (related tables), Allen, Anderson, Grimm, & Mann
10/18, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2017 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2016 (related tables), Allen, Grimm, & Steiner
10/17, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2016 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2015 (related tables), Allen & Grimm
12/16, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2015 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2014 (related tables), Grimm & Ortiz
10/15, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2014 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2013 (related tables), Grimm & Krishnan
10/14, U.S. International Services: Trade in Services in 2013 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2012 (related tables), Grimm & Krishnan
10/13, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2012 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2011 (related tables), Grimm & Sharma
10/12, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2011 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2010 (related tables), Ibarra-Caton & Sharma
10/11, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2010 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2009 (related tables), Koncz & Flatness
10/10, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2009 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2008 (related tables), Koncz & Flatness
10/09, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2008 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2007 (related tables), Koncz & Flatness
10/08, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2007 and Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2006 (related tables), Koncz & Flatness
10/07, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2006 and Sales Through Affiliates in 2005 (related tables), Koncz & Flatness
10/06, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2005 and Sales Through Affiliates in 2004, Koncz, Mann & Nephew
10/05, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2004 and Sales Through Affiliates in 2003, Nephew, Koncz, Borga & Mann
10/04, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2003 and Sales Through Affiliates in 2002, Borga & Mann
10/03, U.S International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2002 and Sales through Affiliates in 2001, Borga & Mann
1999-2002 for cross-border; 2000-2001 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
10/02, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2001 and Sales through Affiliates in 2000, Borga & Mann
1998-2001 for cross-border; 1999-2000 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
11/01, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 2000 and Sales through Affiliates in 1999, Mann & Borga
1997-2000 for cross-border; 1998-99 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
10/00, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 1999 and Sales through Affiliates in 1998, Mann, Brokenbaugh & Bargas
1996-99 for cross-border; 1997-98 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
10/99, U.S. International Services: Cross-Border Trade in 1998 and Sales through Affiliates in 1997, Mann, Brokenbaugh & Bargas
1995-98 for cross-border; 1996-97 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
10/98, U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Private Services, Mann, Brokenbaugh & Bargas
1994-97 for cross-border; 1995-96 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
10/97, U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Private Services, Mann, Atherton, Brokenbaugh & Bargas
1993-96 for cross-border; 1994-95 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
11/96, U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Private Services, Mann, Atherton, Brokenbaugh & Bargas
1992-95 for cross-border; 1993-94 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
9/95, U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Private Services, Mann, Atherton & Bargas
1991-94 for cross-border; 1992-93 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
9/94, U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Private Services, Sondheimer & Bargas
1990-93 for cross-border; 1991-92 for sales by majority-owned affiliates. Includes a box on Channels of Delivery to Foreign Markets and a technical note on Cross-Border Transactions in Construction and Related Services.
9/93, U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Private Services, Sondheimer & Bargas
1989-92 for cross-border; 1990-91 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
9/92, U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Private Services, Sondheimer & Bargas
1986-91 for cross-border; 1989-90 for sales by majority-owned affiliates. Includes a discussion of changes in methodology.
9/91, U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Services, DiLullo & Whichard
1987-90 for cross-border; 1988-89 for sales by majority-owned affiliates.
9/90, U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Services, DiLullo & Whichard
1986-89 for cross border sales; 1986-88 for sales by majority-owned foreign affiliates of U.S. companies; 1987-88 for sales by majority-owned U.S. affiliates of foreign companies. Includes a section describing the data.
10/88, International Services: New Information on U.S. Transactions with Unaffiliated Foreigners, Whichard
Results of BEA's benchmark survey, covering 1986, of selected U.S. international services transactions.
6/88, U.S. Multinational Companies: Operations in 1986, Whichard
Includes a section on sales of services starting on page 93.
1/87, U.S. Sales of Services to Foreigners, Whichard
Contains (1) a summary of sources of information on U.S. sales of services to foreigners, and (2) an analysis of sales of services by U.S. MNC's during 1982-84

B. Other Articles and Publications on U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Services:

Publication date, title, comments

5/24, A Profile of U.S. Services Traders, 2006–2022, Bruner and Grimm
12/19, A Profile of U.S. Exporters and Importers of Services, 2017, Bruner and Grimm
8/19, Measuring Trade in Services by Mode of Supply, Mann
8/18, A Guide To BEA’s Services Surveys, Battaglia and Stein
11/17, Transatlantic Trade in Services: Investigating Bilateral Asymmetries in EU-U.S. Trade Statistics, Howell, Obrzut, and Nowak
5/17, Exploratory Estimates of U.S. International Services by Mode of Supply, Mann
5/16, Trends in U.S. Trade in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Services and in ICT-Enabled Services, Grimm
5/16, Innovation-Related Services Trade by Multinational Enterprises: Results from an Interagency Data Link Project
9/13, U.S. International Transactions in Private Services: A Guide to the Surveys Conducted by the Bureau of Economic Analysis
6/12, Trends in Digitally-Enabled Trade in Services, 1998-2010, Borga and Koncz-Bruner
6/12, A Profile of U.S. Exporters and Importers of Services, Barefoot and Koncz-Bruner
6/02, Selected Issues in the Measurement of U.S. International Services, Whichard and Borga
3/98, U.S. International Transactions in Private Services: A Guide to the Surveys Conducted by the Bureau of Economic Analysis
Provides comprehensive information on BEA's 11 surveys of services transactions between U.S. residents and unaffiliated foreigners. The Guide presents general information about the classification, definitions, and release schedules of all of the surveys. It also provides details for each survey on the transactions covered, the frequency of the surveys, the numbers of respondents, and the methods that BEA uses to prepare the estimates. The publication is free of charge. Single copies may be obtained by writing to: Research Branch (BE-50), International Investment Division, Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20230
9/84, U.S. International Trade and Investment in Services: Data Needs and Availability, Whichard
11/81, Services Transactions in the U.S. International Accounts, 1970-80, DiLullo

IV. RELATED ARTICLES AND PUBLICATIONS

A. The International Investment Position of the United States

From June 1985 through June 1993 SCB, the articles on the U.S. international investment position include separate, brief analyses of the direct investment positions (measured at historical cost) for U.S. direct investment abroad and foreign direct investment in the United States. In 1994 and 1995, these analyses appear in a separate article in the June SCB (see section I.A and section II.A). The article in the June 1995 issue includes aggregate current cost and market value estimates of the direct investment positions for 1982-94.

NOTE (1): Beginning with 1996, the articles that used to appear in the June issue of the SCB appeared in the July issue.

NOTE (2): The May 1991 SCB article, "Valuation of the U.S. Net International Investment Position," by Landefeld & Lawson, reviews the issues surrounding the valuation of the U.S. net international investment position and presents revalued estimates for direct investment, for U.S. gold reserves, and for the international investment position. The article describes two alternative methods for valuing direct investment in prices of the current period, presents estimates of the direct investment totals for 1982-89 that are prepared using these methods, and compares these estimates with BEA's existing historical-cost estimates and with current-value estimates from several earlier studies. Beginning with the article published in June 1991, the articles listed below show estimates of the position valued at current cost and market value only.

SCB issue, year covered, author, comments

7/24, 2023, Whitaker
7/23, 2022, Whitaker
7/22, 2021, Whitaker
7/21, 2020, Whitaker
7/20, 2019, Nguyen and Whitaker
7/19, 2018, Nguyen and Weinberg
7/18, 2017, Nguyen and Weinberg
7/17, 2016, Nguyen and Weinberg
7/16, 2015, Nguyen
7/15, 2014, Nguyen
7/14, 2013, Nguyen
7/13, 2012, Nguyen
7/12, 2011, Nguyen
7/11, 2010, Nguyen
7/10, 2009, Nguyen
7/09, 2008, Nguyen
7/08, 2007, Nguyen
7/07, 2006, Nguyen
7/06, 2005, Nguyen
7/05, 2004, Nguyen
7/04, 2003, Abaroa
7/03, 2002, Nguyen
7/02, 2001, Nguyen
7/01, 2000, King
7/00, 1999, Scholl
7/99, 1998, Scholl
7/98, 1997, Scholl
7/97, 1996, Scholl
7/96, 1995, Scholl
6/95, 1994, Scholl
6/94, 1993, Scholl
6/93, 1992, Scholl
6/92, 1991, Scholl
6/91, 1990, Scholl
6/90, 1989, Scholl
6/89, 1988, Scholl
6/88, 1987, Scholl
6/87, 1986, Scholl
6/86, 1985, Scholl
6/85, 1984, Scholl
6/84, 1983, Scholl
8/83, 1982, Scholl
8/82, 1981, Scholl
8/81, 1980, Scholl
8/80, 1979, Scholl
8/79, 1978, Scholl (article is in Pt. 1 of this issue)
8/78, 1977, Scholl
10/77, 1976, Scholl
8/76, 1975, Scholl
10/75, 1974, Scholl

B. U.S. International Transactions

A discussion of the prior quarter's balance of payments transactions appears in the March, June, September, and December SCB issues. Beginning in 1996, these articles appeared in the April, July, October, and January SCB.
Other analytical SCB articles include:

SCB issue, title, authors

7/24, Annual Update of the U.S. International Transactions Accounts, Hoang
7/23, Annual Update of the U.S. International Transactions Accounts, Hoang
7/22, Annual Update of the U.S. International Transactions Accounts, International Direcorate Staff
7/21, Annual Update of the U.S. International Transactions Accounts, Adjoh-Baliki and Sutterley
1/21, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 2019, Hosisso
7/20, Annual Update of the U.S. International Transactions Accounts, Telles, Martinez, and Peck
1/20, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 2018, Hosisso
7/19, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, Eric Bryda, C. Omar Kebbeh, and Ted Peck
2/19, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 2006 - 2017, Hosisso
7/18, Annual Update of the U.S. International Transactions Accounts, Berman, Xin, Weinberg
1/18, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 2005 - 2016, Hosisso
7/17, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, Eric Bryda, C. Omar Kebbeh, and Daniel H. Meier
1/17, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 2004–2015, Hossiso
7/16, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, C. Omar Kebbeh and Eric Bryda
1/16, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 2003–2014, Jenniges
7/15, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, C. Omar Kebbeh and Cavan Wilk
1/15, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 2002–2013, Anderson
7/14, Comprehensive Restructuring and Annual Revision of the U.S. International Transactions Accounts, Bogen, Hoang, Howell, Whitaker
1/14, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 2001–2012, Anderson
7/13, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, Barbara H. Berman and Jeffrey R. Bogen
1/13, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 2000-2011, Lowe
7/12, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, Jeffrey R. Bogen and Jessica M. Hanson
1/12, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1999-2010, Lowe
7/11, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, Erin Whitaker and Mai-Chi Hoang
1/11, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1999-2009, Lowe
7/10, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, Helen Y. Bai and Mai-Chi Hoang
1/10, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1999-2008, Lowe
7/09, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, Anne Flatness, Erin M. Whitaker, and Robert E. Yuskavage
1/09, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1998-2007, Lowe
7/08, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, 1974–2007, Christopher L. Bach
1/08, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1997–2006, Lowe
7/07, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts for 1997–2006, Christopher L. Bach
1/07, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1995–2005, Lowe
7/06, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts for 1995-2005, Christopher L. Bach
1/06, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1993-2004, Lowe
7/05, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, 1991-2004, Christopher L. Bach
1/05, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1992-2003, Lowe
7/04, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, 1989-2003, Christopher L. Bach
1/04, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1992-2002, Lowe
7/03, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, 1992-2002, Christopher L. Bach
1/03, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1989-2001, Lowe
7/02, Annual Revision of the U.S. International Accounts, 1993-2001, Christopher L. Bach
4/02, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1989-99, Lowe
7/01, U.S. International Transactions, Revised Estimates for 1989-2000, Christopher L. Bach
1/01, An Ownership-Based Framework of the U.S. Current Account, 1982-98, Lowe
7/00, U.S. International Transactions, Revised Estimates for 1982-99, Christopher L. Bach
1/00, An Ownership-Based Disaggregation of the U.S. Current Account, 1982-97, Lowe
7/99, U.S. International Transactions, Revised Estimates for 1982-98, Christopher L. Bach
12/98, An Ownership-Based Disaggregation of the U.S. Current Account, 1982-96, Lowe
7/97, U.S. International Transactions, Revised Estimates for 1974-96, Christopher L. Bach
10/95, An Ownership-Based Disaggregation of the U.S. Current Account, 1982-93, Whichard & Lowe
12/93, Alternative Frameworks for U.S. International Transactions, Landefeld, Whichard, & Lowe
5/91, Valuation of the U.S. Net International Investment Position, Landefeld & Lawson

C. Other Related Publications or Articles

Studies of the Reliability of the International Economic Accounts

Publication title/author/date/comments

Reliability of the International Accounts, Anderson, 12/24 The study examines the reliability of the ITAs and IIP over the period 2014 – 2023.
An Analysis of the Reliability of BEA’s International Transactions Accounts, Howley, 2/17 A study of revisions to the first published estimates of the quarterly international transactions accounts for 1999–2015 shows that the accounts provide an accurate picture of economic activity between U.S. residents and foreign residents.
An Analysis of Revisions to BEA’s International Economic Accounts, 11/12, Yorgason & Scott A study of revisions to the first published estimates of the quarterly international transactions accounts for 1999–2011 shows that the accounts provide an accurate picture of economic activity between U.S. residents and foreigners.

Publication date, title, comments

3/99, INTERNATIONAL DIRECT INVESTMENT: Studies by the Bureau of Economic Analysis
The publication brings together a number of key studies by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) on U.S. direct investment abroad and foreign direct investment in the United States. The studies cover such topics as the characteristics of multinational companies, including their profitability, productivity, and sourcing patterns; measures of direct investment that are valued in current-period prices; and supplemental balance of payments frameworks that incorporate information on ownership from BEA's direct investment surveys. These studies were originally published in the Survey of Current Business, BEA's monthly journal. This publication also includes users' guides to BEA's statistics on direct investment and detailed methodologies from BEA's benchmark survey publications on foreign direct investment in the United States and U.S. direct investment abroad. Publication available from GPO, stock number 003-010-00278-6, price $26.00.

SCB issue date, title, authors

8/92, Rates of Return on Direct Investment, Landefeld, Lawson, & Weinberg

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I. U.S. DIRECT INVESTMENT ABROAD (USDIA)

A. Direct Investment Position and Related Balance of Payments Flows

Survey of Current Business Articles

Other Articles and Publications on Direct Investment Flows, Position, and Income:

Data Presentation Available On the Internet Only

B. Operations of U.S. Parent Companies and Their Foreign Affiliates

Comprehensive financial and operating data

C. Capital Expenditures by Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates of U.S. Companies

D. Benchmark Surveys and Related Articles

Benchmark results and their accompanying methodologies

E. Other Publications and Articles on U.S. Direct Investment Abroad

II. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES (FDIUS)

A. Direct Investment Position and Related Balance of Payments Flows

B. Operations of U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies

Data on the operations of U.S. affiliates of foreign companies

Other Publications or Articles on the Operations of U.S. Affiliates

C. Establishment Data from BEA-Census Link

D. U.S. Business Enterprises Acquired or Established by Foreign Direct Investors

Survey of Current Business Articles

U.S. Business Enterprises Acquired or Established by Foreign Direct Investors

E. Benchmark Surveys and Related Articles

III. International Services

A. Annual International Services Articles

B. Other Articles and Publications on U.S. International Sales and Purchases of Services:

IV. RELATED ARTICLES AND PUBLICATIONS

A. The International Investment Position of the United States

B. U.S. International Transactions

C. Other Related Publications or Articles

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